SET Training - Banking and Fintech

- By Stanley Epstein - Why escalating cyberattacks, ICT vulnerabilities, and sophisticated fraud are now at the core of operational risk management across Europe’s financial sector. Introduction European banks have entered a new era of operational risk exposure — one dominated not by rogue traders or faulty models, but by invisible adversaries in cyberspace. As digitalisation accelerates and financial institutions migrate core processes to the cloud, operational resilience has become the defining risk management challenge of the decade. The European Banking Authority (EBA) now consistently identifies cyber and ICT (Information and Communication Technology systems) risk as the most critical operational risk facing the banking sector. Rising losses, growing dependence on external technology providers, and an intensifying threat environment underscore the urgency of this challenge. At the same time, fraud, conduct risk, and third-party dependency are converging with cyber threats, amplify...

By Stanley Epstein – We tap a card, wave a phone, or click a button, and money moves. This process has become so seamless, so integrated into our daily lives, that it's easy to overlook the colossal system working behind the scenes. But this seamless experience masks a tectonic shift. The very architecture of global finance is fracturing and re-forming, and the 2025 McKinsey Global Payments Report reveals a series of surprising shifts that will affect not just banks and tech companies, but everyone with a digital wallet. Here are the four most impactful truths from the report that are shaping the future of money. 1. The Hype is Over: Global Payments Growth is Hitting a Wall After a period of supercharged expansion, the global payments industry is experiencing a significant slowdown. While revenue surged by an impressive 12% in 2023, growth fell sharply to just 4% in 2024. According to the report, this deceleration is caused by four distinct factors: peaking interest rates, a more ...

Introduction: The Hidden Cost of a Cashless Future The advance of digital currencies is often presented as the next logical step in financial convenience—a seamless, efficient future. But what if this digital evolution comes with a hidden, non-negotiable price—our personal freedom? This article exposes four truths about Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), using the words of their own proponents to reveal an agenda not of convenience, but of absolute, programmable control. 1. Your Money Will No Longer Be Yours—It Will Be "Programmable" The core innovation of a CBDC is the concept of "programmable money." This means a central authority, such as a government or central bank, would have the ability to place rules, restrictions, and conditions directly onto your funds. Your money would no longer be a neutral tool for exchange but a permission-based token controlled by the state. This technology transforms personal assets into a state-managed voucher system. It could...

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are under fire in a new Gatestone Institute article, warning that they threaten personal and economic freedom. Economist Richard A. Werner calls CBDCs a 'digital prison', enabling totalitarian control over spending. With the EU pushing a Euro CBDC and concerns raised by the Bank for International Settlements’ Agustin Carstens about 'absolute control,' fears of abuse grow, pointing to Canada’s trucker account freezes as a chilling example. In the U.S., efforts by President Trump and the House aim to ban CBDCs, as the article argues they’re a globalist step toward unprecedented power and suppression of dissent."

- Stanley Epstein -   Introduction The common narrative around digital payments is one of solved problems and inevitable progress. We hear about a future that is instant, seamless, and entirely digital, and it’s easy to assume the financial industry is well on its way to delivering it. But a recent deep-dive into the state of the global payments ecosystem reveals a far more complex and surprising reality. These insights come from the "Payments 2030: What’s Shaping the Future?" report, based on a June 2025 survey of 162 senior financial executives conducted by Finextra Research in partnership with ACI Worldwide. The report uncovers the high-stakes conflict at the heart of the industry: the immense external pressure of customer demand crashing against the powerful internal inertia of legacy systems and reactive culture. This post distils the five most impactful takeaways from the report. They are not just interesting facts; they are crucial pieces of evidence that paint a pictu...

Introduction: Beyond the Banks Stanley Epstein - When we think of the 2008 Great Financial Crisis, the story that comes to mind is one of failing banks, risky mortgages, and a system brought to its knees by the very institutions meant to be its bedrock. It was, in the popular imagination and in reality, a “banking crisis.” But in the years since, the global financial system has undergone a series of profound structural changes that are less visible to the public but are every bit as important. This isn’t just a story about stricter bank regulations. It’s about how the fundamental ways money moves around the world have been completely reconfigured. It’s a story about how the demand for “safe” government debt, fuelled by your pension fund, created a gargantuan “hidden” market that now transmits financial shocks in ways we’ve never seen before—challenging the very power of central banks. This article reveals four of the most impactful and surprising shifts that define our modern financial...

By Stanley Epstein -  Introduction: More Than Just a Digital Nuisance When a cyberattack brought production at Asahi, one of Japan’s largest brewers, to a halt, the consequences were felt in local beer halls running out of popular lagers. Similarly, when hackers struck carmaker Jaguar Land Rover, assembly lines fell silent, costing the company millions per week. These incidents reveal a critical truth: cybercrime is no longer an abstract IT problem. It is a tangible force that can halt manufacturing, disrupt supply chains, and affect the availability of everyday consumer goods. While carried out by different criminal groups, many of these disruptive attacks share a common feature: the use of ransomware to paralyse a business and extort payment. The threat has evolved in sophisticated and surprising ways, and this article explores the most impactful new realities of the modern cybercrime landscape. Takeaway 1: Your Boss Is Calling—Or Is It? The Rise of AI-Powered Deception Artifici...